ABSTRACT
Introducción. En Colombia, solo un 24 % de los pacientes en lista recibieron un trasplante renal, la mayoría de donante cadavérico. Para la asignación de órganos se considera el HLA A-B-DR, pero la evidencia reciente sugiere que el HLA A-B no está asociado con los desenlaces del trasplante. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relevancia del HLA A-B-DR en la sobrevida del injerto de los receptores de trasplante renal. Métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes trasplantados renales con donante cadavérico en Colombiana de Trasplantes, desde 2008 a 2023. Se aplicó un propensity score matching (PSM) para ajustar las covariables en grupos de comparación por compatibilidad y se evaluó la relación del HLA A-B-DR con la sobrevida del injerto renal por medio de la prueba de log rank y la regresión de Cox. Resultados. Se identificaron 1337 pacientes transplantados renales, de los cuales fueron mujeres un 38,7 %, con mediana de edad de 47 años y de índice de masa corporal de 23,8 kg/m2. Tras ajustar por PSM las covariables para los grupos de comparación, la compatibilidad del HLA A-B no se relacionó significativamente con la pérdida del injerto, con HR de 0,99 (IC95% 0,71-1,37) para HLA A y 0,75 (IC95% 0,55-1,02) para HLA B. Solo la compatibilidad por HLA DR fue significativa para pérdida del injerto con un HR de 0,67 (IC95% 0,46-0,98). Conclusión. Este estudio sugiere que la compatibilidad del HLA A-B no influye significativamente en la pérdida del injerto, mientras que la compatibilidad del HLA DR sí mejora la sobrevida del injerto en trasplante renal con donante cadavérico
Introduction. In Colombia, only 24% of patients on the waiting list received a renal transplant, most of them from cadaveric donors. HLA A-B-DR is considered for organ allocation, but recent evidence suggests that HLA A-B is not associated with transplant outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of HLA A-B-DR on graft survival in kidney transplant recipients. Methods. Retrospective cohort study that included kidney transplant recipients with a cadaveric donor in Colombiana de Trasplantes from 2008 to 2023. A propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to adjust the covariates in comparison groups for compatibility, and the relationship of HLA A-B-DR with kidney graft survival was evaluated using the log rank test and Cox regression. Results. A total of 1337 kidney transplant patients were identified; of those, 38.7% were female, with median age of 47 years, and BMI 23.8 kg/m2. After adjusting the covariates with PSM for the comparison groups, HLA A-B matching was not significantly related to graft loss, with HR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.71-1.37) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.55-1.02), respectively. Only HLA DR matching was significant for graft loss with an HR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.46-0.98). Conclusions. This study suggests that HLA A-B matching does not significantly influence graft loss, whereas HLA DR matching does improve graft survival in renal transplantation with a cadaveric donor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation , Graft Rejection , HLA Antigens , Survival Analysis , Organ Transplantation , Propensity ScoreABSTRACT
Introducción. El tacrolimus es un medicamento inmunosupresor ampliamente usado en trasplante hepático, que presenta una gran variabilidad interindividual la cual se considera asociada a la frecuencia de polimorfismos de CYP3A5 y MDR-1. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia de los polimorfismos rs776746, rs2032582 y rs1045642 y su asociación con rechazo clínico y toxicidad farmacológica. Métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes inmunosuprimidos con tacrolimus a quienes se les realizó trasplante hepático en el Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro entre 2020 y 2022, con supervivencia mayor a un mes. Se evaluaron las variables clínicas, rechazo agudo y toxicidad farmacológica. Se secuenciaron los genes de estudio mediante PCR, comparando la expresión o no en cada uno de los pacientes. Resultados. Se identificaron 17 pacientes. El 43 % de los pacientes se clasificaron como CYP3A5*1/*1 y CYP3A5*1/*3, entre los cuales se encontró asociación con aumento en la tasa de rechazo agudo clínico, al comparar con los pacientes no expresivos (100 % vs. 44 %, p=0,05); no hubo diferencias en cuanto a la toxicidad farmacológica u otros desenlaces. Se encontró el polimorfismo rs2032582 en un 50 % y el rs1045642 en un 23,5 % de los pacientes, sin embargo, no se identificó asociación con rechazo u otros eventos clínicos. Conclusiones. Se encontró una asociación entre el genotipo CYP3A5*1/*1 y CYP3A5*1/*3 y la tasa de rechazo clínico. Sin embargo, se requiere una muestra más amplia para validar estos datos y plantear modelos de medicina personalizada.
Introduction. Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug widely used in liver transplantation, which presents great interindividual variability which is considered associated with the frequency of CYP3A5 and MDR-1 polymorphisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of the rs776746, rs2032582 and rs1045642 polymorphisms and their association with clinical rejection and drug toxicity. Methods. Immunosuppressed patients with tacrolimus who underwent a liver transplant at the Hospital San Vicente Fundación Rionegro between 2020 and 2022 were included, with survival of more than one month. Clinical variables, acute rejection and pharmacological toxicity were evaluated. The study genes were sequenced by PCR, comparing their expression or not in each of the patients. Results. Seventeen patients were identified. 43% of the patients were classified as CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3, among which an association was found with increased rates of clinical acute rejection when compared with non-expressive patients (100% vs. 44%, p=0.05). There were no differences in drug toxicity or other outcomes. The rs2032582 polymorphism was found in 50% and rs1045642 in 23.5% of patients; however, no association with rejection or other clinical events was identified. Conclusions. An association was found between the CYP3A5*1/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3 genotype and the clinical rejection rate. However, a larger sample is required to validate these data and propose models of personalized medicine.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacogenetics , Liver Transplantation , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Organ Transplantation , Tacrolimus , Graft RejectionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Primary graft failure (PGF) is a known complication following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). The usual approach to treat this complication is to repeat a penetrating keratoplasty. Here, we report a case of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for the treatment of PGF after PKP. A patient that underwent PKP, developed PGF with persistent graft edema and very poor visual acuity despite aggressive steroid use and a proof anti-viral treatment. Three months after the initial surgery, a DMEK was performed under the PKP graft. There was progressive early corneal clearing and, by the end of the first month, the patient already had no corneal edema. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) improved to 20/40 and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) to 20/20. DMEK may be an alternative to a second PKP for the treatment of PGF. This technique is a less invasive option when compared to the standard PKP procedure.
RESUMO A falência primária do enxerto é uma complicação conhecida que pode ocorrer após o transplante penetrante de córnea. O tratamento usual dessa complicação é com um novo transplante penetrante. Apresentamos um caso em que foi usado o transplante endotelial de membrana de Descemet (DMEK - do inglês Descemet membrane endo-thelial keratoplasty) para o tratamento da falência primária após o transplante penetrante. Uma paciente submetida a transplante penetrante evoluiu com falência primária do enxerto a despeito do uso intenso de corticoide tópico e uma prova terapêutica de antivirais. Três meses após a cirurgia inicial, foi optado pela realização do transplante endotelial de membrana de Descemet sob o transplante penetrante. Houve um clareamento precoce e progressivo do enxerto com melhora importante da visão. Após um mês, a visão sem correção era de 20/40 melhorando para 20/20 com refração. O transplante endotelial de membrana de Descemet pode ser uma alternativa a um novo transplante penetrante como tratamento da falência primária.
ABSTRACT
Solid organ transplantation has significantly prolonged the survival of patients with end-stage diseases. However, long-term use of immunosuppressants will increase the risk of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in the recipients, thereby elevating the risk of infection, cardiovascular disease and death. In recent years, with persistent improvement of diagnostic criteria of PTDM, clinicians have deepened the understanding of this disease. Compared with type 2 diabetes mellitus, PTDM significantly differs in pathophysiological characteristics and clinical progression. Hence, different treatment strategies should be adopted. Early identification of risk factors of organ transplant recipients, early diagnosis and intervention are of significance for improving the quality of life of recipients, prolonging the survival of grafts and reducing the fatality of recipients. Therefore, the diagnosis, incidence and risk factors of PTDM were reviewed in this article, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to deliver prompt diagnosis and intervention for PTDM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the isolation and culture of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) with α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene knockout (GTKO), GTKO/ human CD46 (hCD46) insertion and cytidine monopho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH)/GGTA1 gene knockout (Neu5GC/Gal), and the protective effect of co-culture with porcine islets on islet cells. Methods Bone marrow was extracted from different transgenic pigs modified with GTKO, GTKO/hCD46 and Neu5GC/Gal. Porcine BMSC were isolated by the whole bone marrow adherent method and then cultured. The morphology of BMSC was observed and the surface markers of BMSC were identified by flow cytometry. Meantime, the multi-directional differentiation induced by BMSC was observed, and the labeling and tracing of BMSC were realized by green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfection. The porcine BMSC transfected with GFP were co-cultured with porcine islet cells. Morphological changes of porcine islet cells were observed, and compared with those in the porcine islet cell alone culture group. Results BMSC derived from pigs were spindle-shaped in vitro, expressing biomarkers of CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD166 rather than CD34 and CD45. These cells were able to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Porcine BMSC with GFP transfection could be labeled and traced, which could be stably expressed in the daughter cells after cell division. Porcine BMSC exerted certain protective effect on islet cells. Conclusions GFP-labeled porcine BMSC modified with GTKO, GTKO/hCD46 and Neu5GC/Gal are successfully established, which exert certain protective effect upon islet cells.
ABSTRACT
With rapid development of organ transplantation, the issue of global organ shortage has become increasingly prominent. At present, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Nevertheless, the shortage of donors has been a key problem restricting the development of liver transplantation. China is a country with a larger number of hepatitis B, and the shortage of donor liver is particularly significant. Many critically ill patients often lose the best opportunity or even die because they cannot obtain a matched donor liver in time. As a strategy to expand the donor pool, ABO-incompatible (ABOi) liver transplantation offers new options for patients who are waiting for matched donors. However, ABOi liver transplantation is highly controversial due to higher risk of complications, such as severe infection, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), biliary complications, thrombotic microangiopathy, and acute kidney injury, etc. In this article, research progress in preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative strategies of ABOi liver transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinical application and research of ABOi liver transplantation.
ABSTRACT
Renal allograft fibrosis is one of the common and severe complications after kidney transplantation, which seriously affects the function and survival rate of renal allograft, and may even lead to organ failure and patient death. At present, the researches on renal allograft fibrosis are highly complicated, including immunity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, infection and drug toxicity, etc. The diagnosis and treatment of renal allograft fibrosis remain extremely challenging. In this article, the latest research progress was reviewed and the causes, novel diagnosis and treatment strategies for renal allograft fibrosis were investigated. By improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing treatment regimen, it is expected to enhance clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients, aiming to provide reference for clinicians to deliver proper management for kidney transplant recipients.
ABSTRACT
Xenotransplantation is an efficient pathway to solve the problem of transplant organ source deficiency in clinical settings. With the increasing progress of gene editing technique and immune suppression regimen, important development has been achieved on researches regarding pig to non-human primate kidney xenotransplantation, which provides a good condition for the introduction of the technique in the clinical application. In view of the substantial difference between human and non-human primate, and to meet the needs of current ethic requirements, it is necessary to perform subclinical studies for pig to human kidney xenotransplantation. In recent years, such subclinical studies with regard to the genetically modified pig to brain death recipient kidney xenotransplantation had been performed, indicating that kidney xenotransplantation gradually began to transit to the clinical development stage. However, donor/recipient selection and immune suppression regimen has not reached a consensus yet, and has to be clarified in subclinical studies. In this article, the current status and confronted problems of donor/recipient selection, immune suppression regimen and post transplantation management in the subclinical studies of kidney xenotransplantation were reviewed, aiming to promote the clinical transformation of kidney xenotransplantation to the clinical application.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. La enfermedad renal crónica es definida como la pérdida progresiva, permanente e irreversible de la función renal, uno de los tratamientos es el trasplante renal el mismo que aumenta la calidad de vida de los pacientes que presentan esta patología, sin embargo, a pesar de ser uno de las mejores terapias no está exento de complicaciones especialmente las que se presentan posterior al acto quirúrgico ya que afectan al buen funcionamiento del injerto y afecta la supervivencia del mismo. OBJETIVO. Determinar la prevalencia de complicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas en el postrasplante renal inmediato con el fin de identificar las principales complicaciones que ocasionan mayor deterioro en la función renal a corto plazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio Observacional descriptivo transversal, de pacientes trasplantados que se encuentran en seguimiento desde enero del 2015 hasta diciembre del 2018 en el servicio de Trasplante renal del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. La muestra será los 211 pacientes trasplantados de donante cadavérico. Los análisis se realizaron con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 25, para lo cual se empleó estadísticas descriptivas, utilizando tablas y representando los valores absolutos y relativos de las variables cualitativas, así como medidas de tendencia central y de variabilidad para las variables cuantitativas. RESULTADOS. Se estudiaron 193 pacientes trasplantados de los cuales el 49.66% tuvieron complicaciones, de los mismos el 33.16% fueron complicaciones clínicas y 16,5% complicaciones quirúrgicas; de las clínicas la infección de tracto urinario fueron las más prevalentes con 15%, seguida por el rechazo agudo 6,7%, las infecciones por virus poliomavirus BK fueron un porcentaje de 6,2%, la necrosis tubular aguda el 3,16% terminando con el rechazo hiperagudo en el 1,5% y la toxicidad por calcineurínicos 1,04%. Mientras tanto las complicaciones quirúrgicas las urológicas son las más prevalentes 8,8% seguida por las colecciones liquidas con el 6,74% finalmente la trombosis vascular con el 1,04%. CONCLUSIONES. Las complicaciones más prevalentes son las clínicas vs las quirúrgicas, afectando de igual forma la función renal al año sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa.
INTRODUCTION. Chronic kidney disease is defined as the progressive, permanent and irreversible loss of renal function, one of the treatments is renal transplantation, which increases the quality of life of patients with this pathology, however, despite being one of the best therapies, it is not free of complications, especially those that occur after surgery, since they affect the proper functioning of the graft and affect its survival. OBJECTIVE. To determine the prevalence of clinical and surgical complications in immediate post-renal transplantation in order to identify the main complications that cause greater deterioration in short-term renal function. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Cross-sectional descriptive observational study, of transplanted patients under follow-up from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Renal Transplant service of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. The sample will be the 211 cadaveric donor transplanted patients. The analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS version 25 statistical package, for which descriptive statistics were used, using tables and representing the absolute and relative values of qualitative variables, as well as measures of central tendency and variability for quantitative variables. RESULTS. We studied 193 transplanted patients of whom 49.66% had complications, of which 33. Of the clinical complications, urinary tract infection was the most prevalent with 15%, followed by acute rejection 6.7%, polyomavirus BK infections were 6.2%, acute tubular necrosis 3.16%, ending with hyperacute rejection in 1.5% and calcineurin toxicity 1.04%. Meanwhile, urological surgical complications are the most prevalent 8.8% followed by liquid collections with 6.74% and finally vascular thrombosis with 1.04%. CONCLUSIONS. The most prevalent complications are clinical vs. surgical, affecting renal function at one year with no statistically significant difference.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Postoperative Complications , Lymphocele , Kidney Transplantation , Venous Thrombosis , Urinoma , Graft Rejection , Mortality , Ecuador , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Immunosuppressive Agents , Kidney Function TestsABSTRACT
Introducción: En la historia de la humanidad nunca antes una pandemia había causado tanta desolación y tristeza ni destruido a tantas familias con un impacto psicosocial tan alarmante. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicosocial del diagnóstico del VIH/sida en las familias de pacientes con ese diagnóstico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal en las familias de pacientes con el diagnóstico del VIH/sida en el policlínico Armando García Aspurú, de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2018 a enero del 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por las 26 familias que tuvieran al menos un miembro enfermo. Resultados: Las vías más frecuentes de información por las que la familia se enteró fueron por el mismo paciente, seguido de la información por los servicios de salud. La reacción de la familia ante la noticia fue la esperanza de que no fuera cierto, seguido por la depresión y la angustia. En las creencias que manifiesta la familia sobre el VIH prevalecieron las opiniones de que la enfermedad la adquieren personas de vida desorganizada. Sobre las pérdidas laborales, académicas y/o sociales sufridas por la aparición del VIH, 84,6 por ciento refirió rechazo a nivel de la pareja. Ante la estigmatización, la familia determina no hablar de la enfermedad por miedo al rechazo y sensación de vergüenza. Conclusiones: La infección por VIH/sida trasciende con multiplicidad de consecuencias en variados niveles. Los grandes impactos se relacionan con la familia, donde la estigmatización juega un papel fundamental como intensificador de la conducta familiar y social(AU)
Introduction: Never before in the history of humankind had a pandemic caused so much desolation and sadness or destroyed so many families with such an alarming psychosocial impact. Objective: To determine the psychosocial impact of the HIV/AIDS diagnosis on the families of patients with this diagnosis. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the families of patients with the HIV/AIDS diagnosis in the Armando García Aspurú polyclinic, of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2018 to January 2019. The study universe was made up of the 26 families with at least one sick member. Results: The most frequent ways of information by which the family found out were from the patient herself/himself, followed by information from the health services. The family's reaction to the news was hope that it was not true, followed by depression and anguish. In the beliefs expressed by the family about HIV, there was a prevalence of opinions related to the idea that the disease is acquired by people with a disorganized life. Regarding occupational, academic or social losses suffered due to the appearance of HIV, 84.6 percent reported rejection from her/his couple. Before stigmatization, the family determines not to talk about the disease, due to fear of rejection and the feeling of shame. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS infection transcends with a multiplicity of consequences at various levels. The major impacts are related to the family, where stigmatization plays a fundamental role as an intensifier of family and social behavior(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Rejection, Psychology , Stereotyping , Family/psychology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Psychosocial Impact , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational StudyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: High uric acid levels are commonly encountered in kidney transplant recipients, and can be associated with allograft dysfunction. Our study aims to examine the relationship between UA levels and graft function in patients discontinuing steroids. Methods: In this single-center-retrospective study, 56 patients discontinued steroid therapy from among 678 RT patients transplanted from living donors between 1999-2020 were included. The mean age of the study group was 45.8±8.8 years. Causes of steroid discontinuation, creatinine levels concurrent with uric acid levels before and after steroid discontinuation (mean 3.9 ± 2.1 years), acute rejection numbers, demographics, durations of dialysis and transplantation, medications, laboratory data, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch numbers, blood-pressure (BP), body mass index, delayed acute rejection (DAR) numbers (3 months post-transplantation) were all recorded. Results: Creatinine and uric acid levels were seen to have increased after steroid discontinuation, there was a significant relationship between them (p<0.001). Statistically significant correlation was found between increased creatinine levels after steroid discontinuation and graft survival with higher HLA mismatch; 39 (69.6%) patients with mismatch ≥2, and 17 patients with mismatch <2 (30.4%) (p=0.049) . No significant relationship was found between DAR numbers before and after steroid discontinuation, and creatinine levels after steroid discontinuation. Conclusion: Per model obtained as a result of multivariate linear analysis, hyperuricemia and HLA mismatch numbers (p= 0.048 and p= 0.044, respectively) are independent predictive factors for graft dysfunction in patients discontinuing steroids. Accordingly, negative effects of modeling should be kept in mind for long-term graft survival in patients who plan to continue with steroid-sparing regimens.
RESUMEN Introducción: Con frecuencia se registran niveles elevados de ácido úrico en receptores de trasplantes renales que pueden estar asociados a disfunción de aloinjerto. El presente estudio tiene por objeto examinar la relación entre los niveles de AU y la función del injerto en pacientes que interrumpieron la terapia con esteroides. Métodos: En este estudio retrospectivo en un solo centro participaron 56 pacientes con interrupción de la terapia con esteroides de un total de 678 pacientes con TR receptores de trasplante de donantes vivos en el período 1999-2020. La edad promedio de la población de estudio fue de 45,8 ± 8,8 años. En el estudio se registraron causas de la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides, niveles de creatinina concurrentes con niveles de ácido úrico antes y después de la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides (promedio de 3,9 ± 2,1 años), números de rechazo agudo, datos demográficos, duraciones del período de diálisis y trasplante, medicación (uso de inmunosupresores, antihipertensivos), datos de laboratorio, números de desajuste del antígeno leucocitario humano (HLA), presión arterial (PA), índice de masa corporal, números de rechazo agudo retardado (DAR) (3 meses después del trasplante). Resultados: Se observó que los niveles de creatinina y ácido úrico aumentaron tras interrumpir la administración de esteroides, con una relación significativa entre ambos (p<0,001). Se identificó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el aumento en los niveles de creatinina tras la interrupción de la terapia de esteroides y la supervivencia del injerto con un mayor desajuste de HLA: 39 pacientes (el 69,6%) con desajuste ≥2 y 17 (el 30,4%) pacientes con desajuste <2 (p=0,049). No se encontró una relación significativa entre el número de DAR antes y después de la interrupción del tratamiento con esteroides, así como en los niveles de creatinina tras la interrupción de la terapia con esteroides. Conclusión: De acuerdo con el modelo obtenido como resultado del análisis lineal multivariable, la hiperuricemia y los números de desajuste de HLA (p=0,048 y p=0,044, respectivamente) constituyen factores predictivos independientes para la disfunción del injerto en pacientes que interrumpen la terapia con esteroides. En consecuencia, se deben tener en cuenta los efectos negativos del modelado para la supervivencia del injerto a largo plazo en pacientes que planean proseguir con regímenes con reducción de la administración esteroides.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study the impact of the COVID?19 lockdown on the regular follow?up of keratoplasty patients. Methods: This retrospective interventional case series included 30 patients who had immunological corneal endothelial rejection out of 190 patients who came for post?PKP follow?up between September 15, 2019, and September 30, 2020. The demographics, primary diagnosis, surgical technique, time of presentation, recovery of graft, associated ocular problems, and visual acuity at 1 month were analyzed. Forward stepwise (likelihood ratio) binary logistic regression was used to find significant variables. Results: The study population had 19 males (63.33%) and 11 females (36.67%). The mean age of the study group was 42.83 ± 18.89 (8–80) years. Of 30 patients, 19 (63.3%) presented before and 11 (36.7%) after the COVID?19 lockdown. Overall, 23 (77%) showed a reversal of graft rejection. Logistic regression showed that preoperative indications, large?sized grafts, and deep corneal vascularization were significant risk factors for non?resolution of graft rejection. It was noted that patients who presented to the hospital late had poor recovery (P = 0.002). The delay in the presentation was a significant risk factor for non?resolution of graft rejection (P < 0.01). Z?test for proportions revealed that the difference in the non?resolution of rejection on immediate or delayed treatment in patients presenting during lockdown (P = 0.002) was significant. Conclusion: This article is to highlight the impact of the COVID?19 lockdown on graft rejection recovery of PKP patients due to delays in follow?up. Early treatment helps in the recovery of graft transparency and the reversal of immunological graft rejection. Also, primary diagnosis, deep vascularization, and large?sized grafts were significant risk factors for non?resolution of graft rejection.
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of the study was to scrutinize the impact of spiritual intelligence on rejection sensitivity among young adults. The study also assessed the association between, Spiritual intelligence and rejection sensitivity. Methods: The data was drawn from an online survey of 203 adults between the age of 19-30 years, through convenience sampling the data was collected using, The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI 24), constructed by David B King and the RS-Adult questionnaire (A-RSQ) is an adaptation of the RSQ developed by Downey & Feldman, 1996. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical technique of correlation was used to access the relationship between spiritual intelligence and rejection sensitivity, a t-test to access the gender difference in spiritual intelligence and rejection sensitivity was also used. Regression analysis was also used to understand the impact of spiritual intelligence on rejection sensitivity. Results: The findings of the study indicated that there is a negative correlation between spiritual intelligence and rejection sensitivity. In males and females, there was no significant gender difference in spiritual intelligence and rejection sensitivity which is in line with the previous studies. Finally, in terms of impact, spiritual intelligence had an impact of 42% on rejection sensitivity.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Doce médicos y siete enfermeros murieron en la Región Lambayeque por COVID-19, aun así se observa negativa por vacunarse con la cuarta dosis. Objetivo: Determinar la actitud y conducta frente a la cuarta dosis de vacuna contra la COVID-19 en el personal de salud de Lambayeque. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, en 371 trabajadores de salud, seleccionados a través de muestreo no probabilístico en bola de nieve, compartimos la encuesta virtual sobre actitud y conducta con respuestas en escala Likert continuo "acuerdo". Resultados: Edad promedio 40 años, 53,4% laboraban en EsSalud, 43,1% eran médicos, 27,7% con comorbilidades destacando la Hipertensión Arterial, Obesidad y Diabetes Mellitus; 74% rechazó vacunarse, el 51,8% tiene actitud neutra y el 48,3% conducta inestable frente a la vacunación. Conclusiones: La actitud y conducta a la vacunación es neutra e inestable respectivamente, se asocia al sexo y tienen una baja tasa de vacunación efectiva.
Introduction: Twelve doctors and seven nurses died in the Lambayeque Region due to COVID-19, even so, a refusal to be vaccinated with the fourth dose is observed. Objective: To determine the attitude and behavior towards the fourth dose of vaccine against COVID-19 in Lambayeque health personnel. Materials and methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, in 371 health workers, selected through non-probabilistic snowball sampling, we shared the virtual survey on attitude and behavior with responses on the continuous Likert scale "agree". Results: average age 40 years, 53.4% worked in EsSalud, 43.1% were doctors, 27.7% with comorbidities, highlighting Arterial Hypertension, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. 74% refused to be vaccinated. 51.8% have a neutral attitude and 48.3% unstable conduct against vaccination. Conclusions: The attitude and behavior towards vaccination is neutral and unstable respectively, it is associated with sex and has a low effective vaccination rate.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To explore the effect of intravitreal injection FasL inhibitors on corneal apoptosis, Fas, FasL expression, Treg numbers in blood and lymph nodes and rejection index in rats after corneal transplantation.METHODS:A total of 24 SD rats(24 eyes)who received penetrating keratoplasty were randomly divided into two groups: PBS group received intravitreal injection of PBS(12 rats, 12 eyes)and FasL inhibitor group(12 rats, 12 eyes). Rejection index was recorded every week and blood samples and lymph node were collected at 1, 3 and 5wk after surgery to analyze the proportions of Treg. Corneal tissue was collected for detecting the expression of Fas and FasL and number of apoptosis.RESULTS: The expression of Fas, FasL in FasL inhibitor group decreased significantly compared with the PBS group(all P<0.05); Corneal cell apoptosis significantly decreased in FasL inhibitor group, and it was the lowest at 5wk after surgery; Treg numbers in blood and lymph nodes significantly increased in FasL inhibitor group at 3wk after surgery(all P<0.05); rejection index of corneal transplantation in the FasL inhibitor group was significantly lower than that of PBS group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Intravitreal injection of FasL inhibitors after corneal transplantation could reduce the apoptosis in all layers of cornea, increase the number of Tregs in blood and lymph nodes, and alleviate rejection.
ABSTRACT
Prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation play a significant role in maintaining liver graft function and improving clinical prognosis of the recipients. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) are fibrous net-like structures composed of DNA as the skeleton and histones and granular proteins released by activated neutrophils. Studies have shown that the activation of neutrophils and the release of NET in donor liver after liver transplantation are involved in the incidence of multiple liver transplantation-related complications including ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute rejection, acute liver failure and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. In this article, the effect of NET on the complications after liver transplantation was mainly assessed, and research progress on NET as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of complications after liver transplantation, enhance clinical efficacy of liver transplantation and improve clinical prognosis of the recipients.
ABSTRACT
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a product encoded by HLA gene complex, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and is the main target of alloimmunity. However, positive HLA antibody is not responsible for all kinds of rejections in kidney transplantation. Non-HLA antibody is the product of donor gene expression in allogeneic kidney transplantation. Intraoperative ischemia-reperfusion injury, the interaction between alloimmunity and autoimmunity and the mediation of extracellular vesicles may trigger immune system response and promote the production of non-HLA antibody. Multiple studies have demonstrated that non-HLA antibody is an important factor of inducing rejection and affecting the outcomes of kidney transplantation. Consequently, the types and formation mechanism of non-HLA antibody in kidney transplantation were reviewed, and research progress on kidney transplantation rejection associated with non-HLA antibody was summarized, aiming to provide reference for in-depth study of kidney transplantation rejection associated with non-HLA antibody.
ABSTRACT
Ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, nephrotoxicity caused by calcineurin inhibitors and other factors cause excessive accumulation of renal extracellular matrix after kidney transplantation, which gradually induce renal fibrosis and eventually lead to renal failure. In recent years, the mechanism of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis has gradually captivated widespread attention. Studies have shown that some drugs like mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may mitigate renal allograft fibrosis through the macrophage. In this article, the main pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of renal allograft fibrosis, the role of different macrophages in the progression of renal allograft fibrosis, the infiltration of peripherally-recruited macrophages and renal resident macrophages into renal injury areas, the induction of myofibroblasts by macrophages and potential treatment regimens of macrophage-associated renal allograft fibrosis were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for investigating the role of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience of portal vein aneurysm after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of two recipients with portal vein aneurysm after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were summarized based on literature review. Results Both two cases were diagnosed with intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm complicated with portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension after liver transplantation. Case 1 was given with targeted conservative treatment and he refused to undergo liver retransplantation. Physical condition was worsened after discharge, and the patient eventually died from liver graft failure, kidney failure, lung infection, and septic shock. Case 2 received high-dose glucocorticoid pulse therapy, whereas liver function was not improved, and the patient was recovered successfully after secondary liver transplantation. Conclusions Long-term complication of portal vein aneurysm (especially intrahepatic type) after liver transplantation probably indicates poor prognosis. Correct understanding, intimate follow-up and active treatment should be conducted. Liver retransplantation may be a potential treatment regimen.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of postoperative pulmonary function in lung transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 81 recipients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation and combined heart-lung transplantation were collected, and postoperative status of the recipients was analyzed. Pulmonary ventilation and diffusion function indexes at 1 month, 3 months, every 3 months (3-18 months after lung transplantation) and every 6 months (18-36 months after lung transplantation) were analyzed in the recipients. The characteristics of the optimal pulmonary function in the recipients were assessed. Results Postoperative mechanical ventilation time was 4 (2, 9) d, and the length of postoperative ICU stay was 10 (7, 20) d. Among 81 recipients, 27 recipients developed primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation, with an incidence rate of 33%. Postoperative forced vital capacity (FVC) to predicted value ratio (FVC%pred), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to predicted value ratio (FEV1%pred), FEV1/FVC to predicted value ratio (FEV1/FVC%pred) and corrected diffusion lung capacity for CO to predicted value ratio (DLCOc%pred) were changed over time (all P<0.001). FVC%pred and FEV1%pred were gradually increased within postoperative 9 months, and DLCOc%pred was gradually elevated within postoperative 3 months (all P<0.05). Thirty-six recipients had FVC%pred≥80%, FEV1%pred≥80% in 41 cases, FEV1/FVC%pred≥92% in 76 cases, FVC%pred≤40% in 1 case and FEV1%pred≤40% in 1 case, respectively. Sixteen recipients had DLCOc%pred≥80%, corrected diffusion lung capacity for CO/alveolar volume to predicted value ratio (DLCOc/VA%pred) ≥80% in 63 cases, DLCOc%pred≤40% in 4 cases and DLCOc/VA%pred≤40% in 1 case, respectively. Postoperative FVC%pred, FEV1/FVC%pred and DLCOc%pred in recipients with a primary disease of obstructive pulmonary disease were significantly higher than those in their counterparts with restrictive pulmonary disease (all P<0.05). Postoperative DLCOc%pred in recipients with PGD was significantly lower than that in those without PGD (P<0.05). Conclusions Pulmonary ventilation function in lung transplant recipients reaches the optimal state and maintains a steady state at postoperative 9 months, and pulmonary diffusion function reaches a steady state at postoperative 3 months. Primary diseases and the incidence of PGD may affect postoperative pulmonary function.